Accounting machine



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INVENTOR- Y C ATTORNEY J1me 1945- G. F. DALY ACCOUNTING MACHINE FiledJuly 8, 1941 14 Sheets-Sheet l4 I ATTORN EY Patented June 5, 1945ACCOUNTING MACHINE George F. llaly, Endicott, N. Y., assignor toInternational Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., acorporation of New York Application July 8, 1941, Serial No. 401,432

10 Claims.

This case relates to accounting machines with means for accumulatingamounts, and particularly to machines with differentially movableaccumulators to accumulate amounts derived from control records.

The accumulators are adapted to be driven by cyclically operating drivemeans. To enter a value in an accumulator order, the drive means isrendered effective to move the accumulator order differentially inproportion to the size of the value. An entry period must be providedsufiicient to allow entry of the highest digital value of a notation. Inthe decimal system, the entry period must be long enough to allow entryof a 9" in an order by a differential movement of nine unit value stepsof the order. In the duodecimal system, the entry period must allow foreleven unit steps in at least one order for possible entry of themaximum digital value 11. The speed at which successive amounts may beaccumulated by differentially and variable movable accumulators isinversely proportional to the duration of such entry period.

The general object of this invention is to increase the speed at whichamounts may be accumulated by differentially driven accumulators byreducing the entry period, but with such reduction not resulting from anincrease in the speed at which the accumulators may be driven.

Further. an object of the invention is to provide for entry andaccumulation of component values deriving from a parent cardinal seriesof values, such as the cardinal series of digital values 1 to 9 of thedecimal system, with the maximum size component value being smaller thanthe size of the highest value of the cardinal series, whereby the entryperiod may be correspondingly shortened.

Further, an object of the invention is to provide separate accumulatorbanks, each to accumulate different component parts of the parentvalues.

Further, an object of the invention is to provide for such componententry accumulation while retaining the decimal scheme of carry from oneaccumulator order to another.

Further, an object of the invention is to provide for fusion of theseparate component totals into a single parent cardinal total.

Another object of the invention is to utilize the highest going multipleof a common divisor factor contained in the parent, cardinal value asone component and the remainder as the other component.

The above objects are particularly applicable to record controlledaccounting machines. In such machines, values are represented by markingindex positions in columns of each record.

' The records are fed one at a time to sensing means. Under control ofthe sensing means, the values are entered in accumulators by effectingdifferential entry movements thereof.

An object of the present invention in connec-v tion with recordcontrolled accounting machines is to shorten'the entry period for entryof values derived from each record, without increasing the speed atwhich the differentially movable accumulators are to be driven.

Another object of the invention is to shorten such entry period byentering component values under control of the records, with thecomponent values being smaller than one or more of the parent, cardinalvalues.

Another object is to convert cardinal, parent values represented onrecords into derivative component values for entry into the accumulaors.

The invention has been applied preferably to a record controlledaccounting machine in which the records are sensed while in motion forvaluerepresentations. One embodiment of the invention operates withHollerith records punched according to the single-hole Hollerith code torepresent the parent, cardinal values. Heretofore, in the stated type ofaccounting machine, the Hollerith records have been fed in synchronismwith the drive of the accumulators and the differential time at which avalue representation was sensed determined the differential time ofoperation of the accumulator for entering the value.

An object of the present invention is to provide means for enteringcomponents of values represented on records by the Hollerith code in amanner enabling the records to be fed at a higher speed than the speedat which the entry size of the complements of the values. An object ofthe present invention is to provide means whereby in effectingcomplemental entry. the accumulators may be moved in accordance withcomponent values deriving from complements of the parent, cardinal, orin accordance with the complement components of natural value componentsreprer ented on records. Further, an ob- Ject of the invention is toprovide for correct synthesis of the separate totals of natural andcomplemental entries of components into a fused cardinal total.

More specifically, an object of the invention is to provide anaccounting machine in which one accumulator is used as a multiplesaccumulator to receive entries of multiples of a common divisor factorof parent, cardinal values, while another accumulator is used as asingles accumulator to receive entries of the remainders; For example,if the given factor is 3, the value 7 of the cardinal series will beentered in the multiples accumulator as multiple 2 with the remainder 1being received in the singles accumulator. The object is, further, toprovide for a fusion of the totals of the multiples and the remaindersinto a single total based on the regular, parent cardinal notation. Thefusion operation will involve multiplication of the multiples total bythe common factor and entry of the result into the singles accumulator.The singles accumulator will then contain the fused total based on theregular notation. This fused total will be read out and suitablyrecorded.

The invention, whether embodied in the form using records bearing theparent, cardinal values or in the form using records bearing componentvalues, may employ the same construction of accumulators. Eachaccumulator order will have ten diiferential positions to 9 and when anorder moves from 9 to or past 0, carry of one to the next order will beeffected. Thus, the accumulators will accumulate components and effectcarry according to the decimal system. In each embodiment of theinvention, the card values will be sensed and components entered in theaccumulators during short cycle intervals. Heretofore, it has beennecessary to sense values on the records and enter them in theaccumulators during long cycle intervals. In the present case, the shortcycle is half the length of a long cycle. Hence, the number of cardswhich may be acted on during a given time in accordance with theprinciples of the present invention is substantially twice the number ofcards which could be handled in the same time by machines operatingaccording to previous principles.

In one embodiment of the invention, the records will be perforatedaccording to the H01- lerith code to represent values in the cardinalseries. Storage means in the form of coding relays will be provided. Foreach value bearing column of the record, a set of such relays will beprovided. The sensing o a value perforation in the column will servethrough a distributor to operate the related relays selectively. Arecord bearing an amount to be subtracted will have a subtractioncontrol designation, the sensing of which will operate subtractioncontrol means. After all the value index positions of a record havepassed the analyzing means, the setting of the storage relays will beread out and entered through a short cycle emitter as a multiplecomponent into the multiples accumulator and as a remainder componentinto the singles accumulator. The entry control of I each accumulatororder comprises a start magnet to couple register wheeloi the order tocyclic drivingmeanssoastostartanentrmanda energized through the shortcycleemitter at a differential time selected by the coding relays inconjunction with the subtraction control means.

In another embodiment of the invention, amounts may be represented onthe record as the component values in a derived arithmetical notationbased on multiples and remainders obtained by dividing the cardinalvalues by a common factor. In this embodiment, the records andaccumulator may operate at the same speed and component value entries bemade directly under control of the analyzing means, without interventionof coding relays, into the multiples and singles accumulators. Theincrease in the number of records acted on during a given time hereresults from the 'fact that the records may be considerably shortersince the highest component .in the derived arithmetical notation is afrac:

tion of the highest value in the cardinal series. In this embodiment, acomplemental entry in an order will be made by energizing the startmagnet through the short cycle emitter at a given time selected bysubtraction control means. while the stop magnet will be energized undercontrol of the record.

Variations of these embodiments may be provided as will be made clear insubsequent parts of the specification.

Different factors may be used as the basis of the secondary ordinalseries. Preferably, a factor is chosen which will provide for entry,during a short cycle, of a multiple or remainder no higher than 3.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the followingdescription and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention andthe best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is an elevation of the machine. including card handling means,involved in my invention.

Fig. 2 is an end view of this machine.

Fig. 3 is a side view of an accumulator plate unit.

Fig. 4 is a section along lines 4-4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is an end view of the accumulator unit.

Fig. 6 is a section along lines 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a section along lines 1-1 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 8 is a detail view of carry control means.

Fig. 9a is the first part of'a timing chart for the Hollerith cardembodiment.

Fig. 9b is a continuation of Fig. 9a.

Fig. 10 shows part of a Hollerith card.

Fig. 11A shows analyzing circuits and coding relay circuits for theHollerith card embodiment in which cardinal values are resolved intocomponents on a basis of factor 3.

Figs. 11a and 11b show control circuits for the Hollerith cardembodiments.

Fig. shows the component entry selecting circuits controlled by thecoding relays of Fig. 11A.

Fig. llAA shows analyzing and coding circuits for another Hollerith cardembodiment in which cardinal values are resolved into components on abasis of factor 4.

Fig. 1100 shows the component entry selecting circuits controlled by thecoding relays of Fig- 11AA.

Fig. 12 shows the code table for the Hollerith card embodiment based onfactor 3.

Fig. 12a shows the code table for the Hollerith card embodiment based onfactor 4.

Fig. 13 is a timing chart for the component value record handlingembodiment.

Fig. 14 shows a component value record with designations of componentsderived from cardinal values On the basis of factor 3.

Fig. 14a is a table showing the cardinal values and the correspondingcomponents entered during addition and subtraction.

Figs. 15a and 15b show the circuits for the component value recordhandling embodiment.

Figs. 1 and 2 show the general mechanical structure and arrangement ofthe parts of a machine for carrying out my invention. The machine has amotor M which through suitable gear reduction and a belt and pulleyconnection rotates a shaft Ill at the rate of one revolution during ashort cycle. A gear H at the left end of the shaft serves through anidler l2 to rotate a gear l3 and a single-notched clutch collar i4rigidly united therewith. Mounted coaxially with the clutch collar is agear l5 carrying a clutch dog i6 normally latched by armature ll of afeed clutch magnet FM. Upon energization of this magnet, the armature isattracted and the clutch dog is released to engage the notch in clutchcollar 14 and thereby to couple gear IE to the clutch collar.Incidentally. armature l1, when in attracted position holds a pair ofcontacts Ila open for a purpose wh ch will be explained later inconnection with the circuits. The 40 clutch collar i4 is drivenone-to-one by shaft l; hence, gear iwhen coupled thereto makes onerevolution a short cycle. Gear i5 drives a gear IE on a shaft 20 whichis suitably geared to the shafts of feed rolls 22 and first and secondcontact rolls 23 and 24. The shaft of contact roll 23 is geared to ashaft 25 to drive it through one revolutionin a short cycle. Shaft 25carries an eccentric 26 connected by a link 21 to an arm 28 on a shaft29. Fixed to the shaft is a gear sector 30 meshed with a rack slide 32,the rear end of which carries a card picker 33. Two such gear sectors,racks, and pickers may be provided side by side. During each revolutionof shaft 25, the picker means is reciprocated through the aforesaidconnections. On the-forward stroke of the picker, it feeds the bottomrecord card from a supply hopper 34 to thefirst pair of feed rolls 22.The successive feed roll pairs continue the feed of the card until itdrops into a stacker pocket 36. The contact roll 23 and a row ofcooperating sensing brushes 31 constitute a first analyzing means forthe cards. Contact roll 24 and cooperating sensing brushes 38 provide asecond and main analyzing means for the cards. The feed rolls are drivenat such a rate as to feed a record card past an analyzing station duringa short cycle. The spacing of the first analyzing station from thesecond analyzing station is such that corresponding index positions ofsuccessive records will concurrently reach the first and secondanalyzing means.

Shaft I0 is geared two-to-one to a vertical shaft 40 which operatesbevel gears 4| which ro- 5 scribed in detail later.

60 punched according to the Hollerith code.

75 be dispensed with or rendered ineffective.

tate a plurality of shafts 42. Shafts 4|! and 42 make one revolution ina long cycle, equal to two short cycles. Each shaft 42 has spaced gears43 for driving accumulators which will be de- The number of shafts 42and accumulator rowsindicated in Figs. 1 and 2 is merely illustrativeand it will be understood that as many more such shafts and accumulatorrows are provided as necessary for any desired capacity of the machine.

clutch means and will be explained further in the circuit description.Shaft 46 when clutched to shaft 45 makes one revolution in a long cycle.A generator G is driven by motor M to supply current at required voltageto circuit lines of the machine. The circuits, to be traced later.include various emitters, distributors, and cam contacts which aregenerally indicated in Figs. 1 and 2. Those cam contacts effectiveduring card feed are generally designated as F cam contacts andareoperated by cams 50 on a shaft SI geared oneto-o'ne to shaft 25 whichmakes one revolution in a short cycle. Those cam contacts effective forlong cycle operations are generally designated as C cam contacts and areoperated by cams 52 on a shaft 53 driven one-to-one by long cycle shaft40. A plurality of distributors are effective during card feed and aregenerally indicated by letter.D in'Fig. 1. The essential structure ofthe distributors will be understood from the showing in the circuitdiagram which will be explained later. Drive is afforded to the rotatingparts of the distributors by a two-to-one gearing between the shaft 20and the drive shaft 55 of the d stributors. A recording unit emitter REhas its rotor fixed to recording cycle shaft 46. This shaft also carriesa contact control cam TP to operate contacts TF2, shown in Fig. 11a.Driven oneto-one by long cycle shaft is the shaft 56 of a long cycleemitter LE. Also driven by shaft 40,

lever contacts UCL Another card lever SI, lo-

cated near'the second contact roll 24, is operated by a passing card toclose card lever contacts LCL.

As explained previously, the invention may be practiced in one form withrecords bearing representations of parent, cardinal values and inanother form with records bearing representations of component values.The parent values will be recorded on Hollerith records (see Fig. 10)

The represented parent values will be converted through means, includingdistributors D and coding relays, into component value entries. Thecomponent value record (Fig. 14) is half the 05 length of a, Hollerithrecord and designates component values to be entered, withoutintervening conversion, in the accumulators. The embodiment for handlingthe Hollerith cards is essentially similar in mechanical nature to theembodiment for handling the component value records.

However, there are certain differences, particularly in timing, whichwill be manifest from the circuit descriptions. In the embodiment forhandling component value cards, distributors D may The gear ratiobetween shaft 2| and feed rolls 2! in the embodiment for handling theHollerith cards is such as to cause a card to feed in two-to-onerelation to the speed of operation of the accumulator drive gears 43.The feed gear ratio in the embodiment for handling component value cardsis such as to cause feeding of a card in one-to-one synchronism with theaccumulator drive gears. In both embodiments, a card fed out of thesupply hopper during a short cycle will reach a position slightly behindthe first sensing brushes 31 by the end of the cycle and during the nextcycle will be fed to a, position slightly behind the second, mainsensing brushes 38. In each embodiment, the picker operating shaft, willmake one revolution and the picker means will feed a card out of thehopper during a short cycle. The cards will continue to be fed duringsuccessive short cycles past the analyzing means and to the stackerpocket. The short cycles in which card feed occurs may be referred to ascard feed cycles. The short cycle during which a card is sensed forrepresented values may be referred to as a sensing cycle. The shortcycle in which component values are entered may be referred to as theentry cycle.

In the present case, the component value record is half the length of aHollerith record. It will be understood, however, that two componentvalue records may be provided on one card; for instance, a double deckcard, which may be of the same length as the Hollerith card. Thedimensions of the supply and delivery magazine and the spacing betweenanalyzing stations and between feed rolls will be suited to the type ofcard being handled.

In accordance with standard practice, the first analysing means,including brushes 3'! and coacting contact roll 23, serves inconjunction with the second analyzing means, comprising brushes 38 andcontact roll 24, to determine whether successive cards have the samegroup classification and to govern automatic machine control meansaccordingly. To simplify the present disclosure, the automatic controlmeans has not been shown. Instead, it may be assumed that only one groupof cards at a time, of the same group classification, will be placed insupply hopper 34. The amounts represented on this group of cards will beaccumulated, and the card feed will then stop due to depletion of cardsfrom the supply hopper. A fusion operation will then be allowed to takeplace and will be followed by a total taking operation. The secondanalyzing means is the one which senses the value representations on therecords to control the entries into the accumulatcrs. In the embodimentusing the component value records, the first sensing station has theadditional function of sensing a subtraction control representation. Inthe embodiment using the regular value records, the subtraction controldesignation on a card will be detected by the second analyzing station.

The accumulators The accumulators are constructed as individual units,one of which is shown in Figs. 3 to 8. Each unit includes a drive clutchdevice, a register device adapted to be clutched thereto, a readoutcommutator connected to the register device, and control magnets AM andSM, all mounted on a support plate 10. The unit is inserted in themachine by sliding the plate into place between upper guide-slottedframe bar H and lower guideslotted frame bars 12. As the unit isinserted in position, a gear I! of the drive clutch device moves intomesh with one of the accumulator drive gears 43 (see also Fig. 2). A rowof such units is held in position by a cross bar I4 suitably attached tothe lower, front frame bar I2.

Gear 18 is fixed to the hub of a drive clutch ratchet 15 which isrotatably carried by a sleeve 18 secured to plate Ill. A reduced portionof the hub of ratchet I! rotatably mounts a disk TI (see Figs. 4, 6, and7) having ten teeth Ila around its periphery and formed with a cam edge11b. Rotatably mounted on fixed sleeve I8 is a register wheel 18 havingten notches "a around its circumference, each adapted to engage with theupper end of a spring-pressed impositive detent lever 19. The registerwheel has ten rotative positions, each corresponding to one of values 0to 9. When a notch 18a is engaged with detent lever 19, the registerwheel is centered in a value position. A carry cam is fastened toregister wheel I8 by a pair of pins 82 and 81. These pins project fromwheel 18 through openings in the disk H to positions adjacent ratchet15. Pin 82 pivotally carries a clutch dog 84 having a clutch tooth 84aadapted to engage ratchet 15. The free end of the clutch dog isconnected to one end of a spring 85 anchored at the opposite end to pin83. A stud 84b extending from the clutch dog coacts with the cam edge11b of disk 11. In the positions of the parts shown in Fig. 6, disk 1!is restrained from counterclockwise movement by engagement of a tooth11a thereof with the tooth 81a of a clutch lever 81. At the same time,the outer portion of cam edge 11b is engaged with stud 84b, preventingspring 85 from rocking clutch dog 84 into coaction with ratchet l5; andthe register wheel 18 is at rest in a value position.

When clutch lever 81 is rocked counterclockwise, its tooth 87o releasesdisk 11, and spring 85 is free to rock the clutch dog into clutchingengagement with ratchet 15 while stud 84b of the clutch dog ridesinwardly'along cam edge 11b and cams the disk 11 counterclockwise untilthe parts are in the positions shown in Fig. '7. The

register wheel 18 is now clutched to ratchet 15 for counterclockwiserotation by the accumulator drive gearing 43 and 13. In clutchedcondition of the parts, disk 1! is forced by engagement of stud 84b withcam edge 11b to rotate together with the register wheel.

To declutch the register wheel 18 from the drive, clutch lever 81 isreturned to its clockwise position in which its tooth 81a intercepts atooth 11a to stop rotation of disk 1]. Stud 84b thereupon ridesoutwardly along cam edge 11b, and the clutch dog 84 disengages theratchet 15. thereby unclutching the register wheel from the drive. Theregister wheel stops in a new value position in which it is centered andimpositively held by engagement of detent lever is with a notch 18a.

Clutching and declutching of the register wheel are controlled,respectively, by advance magnet AM and stop magnet SM. Between thesemagnets is a common armature 90, pivoted to plate 10 at its upper endand pivotally connected at its lower end to the short arm of clutchlever 81. Energization of advance magnet AM moves armature 90 clockwisewhich, in turn, rocks clutch lever 81 counterclockwise to release disk11 and cause clutching of the register wheel to the drive. Energizationof stop magnet SM rocks armature 90 counterclockwise, causing the clutchlever to move clockwise and stop the disk 11, with the result that theregister wheel i declutched from the drive. The energization of eithermagnet to move the clutch lever to a related position is momentary, butthe clutch lever must be retained in the actuated position until theother magnet is energized. For this purpose, a latch lever BI isprovided. The latch lever is pivotally mounted on a stud 92 carried by abracket 93 attached to plate 10. A spring 94 urges lever 9|counterclockwise. When the clutch lever 81 is in clockwise, declutchingposition, its V-shaped free end seats in a notch 9Ia of the latchlever.- Upon energization of advance magnet AM, the clutch lever isrocked counterclockwise, and its free end cams against the inclinedbottom of the notch Gla to cam the latch lever 9| aside."As soon as thetip of the clutch lever leaves the riotch 9Ia, spring 94 snaps the latchlever back to a position in which its beveled end abuts the free end ofthe clutch lever, preventing return of the clutch lever to its clockwiseposition, as indicated in Fig. 7. The register wheel is now clutched tothe drive, and the clutch lever stays in clutching position until stopmagnet SM is energized. When magnet SM is energized, it results in theclutch lever being rocked clockwise. In this movement of the clutchlever, it free end cams against the beveled tip of the latch lever 9| tocam the latch lever aside. As soon as the free end of the clutch leveris opposite the notch 9Ia, the spring 94 snaps the latch levercounterclockwise to cause the notch to receive the free end of theclutch lever. The clutch lever remains in declutching position untilmagnet AM again is energized.

Carry of one from a lower order to a hi her order is effected accordingto the decimal syst-'..

tern; i. 'e., when a lower order passes from 9 to or through 0, one willbe carried to the higher order. The carry control includes carry cam 80fixed to register wheel I8. Coacting with cam 80 is a carry lever 95,the upper arm of which mounts a slotted insulating block 91. Passingthrough block 91 is the lower leg of a hairpinshaped contact spring 98.The loop of spring 98 fits over a stud 99 integrally projecting from aninsulating moulding I fastened to plate I0. The upper leg of spring 08is anchored to a conductive insert TC set into moulding I00 and servingas the carry common. The lower leg of spring 98 extends between 10 carrycontact IOT and 9 carry contact 9T which are in the form of conductiveinserts set into moulding I00. Lever 96 has the tip of its lower armengaged with a latch lever I04. A spring I between the carry lever andlatch lever tends to rock them towards each other.

8. Upon movement of the register wheel to value position 9, a notch 80ain the cam 80 moves under the lug 96a, permitting the lever 90 to rockcounterclockwise and the lower leg of the contact spring 98 to'engagethe 9 carry contact 9T. Should the register wheel advance to or past the0 value position, a projection 00b of cam 80 will ride past lug 96a,rocking lever 96 clockwise to cause the lower leg of the contact spring98 to engage the carry contact 101, as indicated in Fig. 6. As the lever96 rocks clockwise, the tip of'its lower arm slides into the cornernotch mm of latch lever I04. Latch lever I04 thereby latches the carrylever 96 and carry contact 98 in 0 carry position until carry entry hasbeen completed during the cycle. After carry has taken place, a stud I06(Fig. 3) extending When the register wheel 18 is in i value positions 1to 8, a circular portion of cam 80 is engaging a lug 96a of lever 90 andthe I parts are then in the positions indicated in Fig.

from one side of drive gear 43 cams latch lever I04 clockwise to releasethe corner notch 104a from the lever 95. The lever 96 thereupon returnsto neutral position shown in Fig. 8.

A readout commutator is provided in each accumulatoiunit. The readoutcommutator comprises a collar IIO of insulating material fixed to thehub of register wheel I8. Set into the collar H0 is a conductive plateIII which carries the opposite commutator brushes H2 and H3. Thesebrushes rotate within an opening in a non-conductive moulding II4secured to plate I0.' Set into moulding II4 are conductive inserts 5-0to 9 and H50. Inserts 5-0 to 9 constitute the value segments which aredisposed within hall the circle of travel of the commutator brushes,while insert I I is the common segment spanning the opposite half of thecircle of brush'travel. When the register wheel moves one-tenth of arevolution, it advances a single value step. The value segments arespaced apart half a value step and are arranged in the order 0, 5, l, 6,2, 7, 3, 8, 4, and 9. The brushes H2 and 3 are not diametricallyopposite but are angularly displaced from ing I00.

2. diametrical line, the angular displacement being equal to the angularspacing between a pair of adjacent value segments. Hence, upon advanceof the register wheel from one value position to the next, a brush H2 orII3 moves across an intermediate value segment to the next higher valuesegment. For example, with brush IIZ engaged with the 0 value segment, astep of advance of the register wheel causes the brush to move past the5 value segment into engagement with the 1 value segment. When theregister wheel moves from 4'? value position to 5 position, brush II2moves past the 9 value segment and onto the common segment while brushIII moves from the common segment, past the 0 segment, to the "5segment. Thus, any value position of the register wheel is reflected ormanifested by one of the commutator brushes engaging with thecorresponding value segment while the opposite brush is engaged with thecommon segment.

The leads to the magnets AM and SM are in the form of conductive insertsset into the mould- These inserts are designated IISAM, IIBSM, andIIGMC, and are respectively the lead to the advance magnet AM, the leadto the stop magnet SM, and the common lead to both magnets.

The conductive inserts, including the carry terminals TC, WT and ST, thereadout commutator inserts H5, and the leads IIB extend beyond themouldings I00 and H4. Attached to the frame bars II and I2 is a mouldingII8 of insulating material. Hollow plug II9 carried by moulding H8 havespring ends engaging the projecting ends of the inserts. Electricalconnections between the accumulator unit and the circuits is made byinserting plug wire tips (not shown) into the plugs I I9.

The different embodiments of the invention will be described furtherwith relation to their circuits. There are two main forms of theinvention, one using component value representing records and the otherusing cardinal value representing records; specifically, Hollerithcards. The form of the invention using Hollerith cards may be subdividedinto two Hollerith card embodiments. One such embodiment usescombinational coding relays operated singly and in combination toresolve the cardinal values into component value entry selections. Theother Hollerith card embodiment uses coding relays operated singly toresolve the cardinal values into component entry selections.

The Hollerith card-Fig. 10 shows a. portion of a Hollerith card. Thecard has parallel columns, each with digital index positions 9 to 0. Asingle perforation in a column in one of these index positions denotesthe corresponding cardinal value. A plurality of these columns may begrouped to form ,an amount field, in which the columns have definitedenominational order relationship. One card column is set aside tocontain a classifying perforation to classify the amount designated onthe card as a positive or negative amount. The classifying perforationin this case is a 9 perforation, the presence of which in the speciallyassigned column indicates that the amount designated on the card is tobe subtractively entered. Such entry will be in the form of acomplement.

The classifying designation will be sensed by one of the brushes 38 ofthe second analyzing means.

The first analyzing means will not be shown in the circuits of theHollerith card embodiments as this analyzing means will serve merely aspart of the group control means which, as explained before, need not beshown or described in connection with the present invention.

The Hollerith card embodiment using combinational coding relays Fig. 11Ashows the analyzing and coding circuits for this embodiment. Figs. 11aand 11b show the control circuits associated with this, as well as withthe other Hollerith card embodiment. Fig. 110 shows the component valueselection circuits for this embodiment, and Fig. 12 shows thecombinational coding table indicating the relation between the decimalvalues, the combinational coding relays, and the components for additiveand subtractive entries. It will be noted from Fig. 12 that the commonfactor used for this embodiment is the factor 3. The timing chart forthis embodiment is shown in Figs. 9a and 9b.

Referring to Fig. 11a, the closure of a main switch I28 connectsopposite circuit lines I29 and I30 to a suitable source of current.Motor M is directly across the circuit lines and is Set in operationupon closure of the main switch. The parts driven by the motor withoutintervening clutch means are now constantly running.

Having placed a group of Hollerith cards in the supply hopper 34 (Fig.1), the operator depresses the Reset Key (Fig. 110.). Upon the nextclosure of cam contacts C4 (Fig. 9a), a pickup circuit is completed fromline I29 via cam contacts C4 and FH and reset key contacts I3] throughrelay coil R and magnet REM in parallel to the opposite line I30,

Coil R closes contacts Ra to provide a stick circuit timed by camcontacts C8. Magnet REM closes the REM contacts shown in Fig. 11b. Theonly one that need be considered for the present is contact REMI I. Whenthe brush I32 of the long cycle emitter LE reaches emitter spot II, acircuit is established from line 129 via the brush and II spot of thisemitter and contacts REMII through a start relay coil SK and to lineI30. Contacts SKa close and establish a stick circuit through fusionrelay contacts FNIc. This stick circuit will remain closed until afusion cycle is initiated. During the fusion cycle, contacts FNIc areopened to break the stick circuit of coil SK.

By requiring a reset cycle as a condition to operation of relay coil SK,card feed will be prevented until at least the multiples accumulator hasbeen reset to zero, ready to receive entries of multiples derived fromthe new group of records. v

To start the card feed, the operator depresses the Start Key (Fig. 11a).Upon the next closure 01' cam contacts C2 (Fig. 9a), a circuit iscompleted via these cam contacts, the start key contacts I33 and thestart relay coil contacts SKb through the feed clutch magnet FM andrelay coil FC in parallel. Cam contacts C2 are operated by a suitabledouble lobe cam and close twice during a long cycle, once at the 5thcycle point and again at the 13th cycle point. Depending upon whetherthe start key is depressed at the first or second closure time of thecam contacts C2, the card feed clutch magnet FM will cause card feed tostart either at the 8th cycle point or at the beginning of a long cycle.The first card reaches a position slightly behind the first set ofbrushes 31 (Fig. 1) by the end oi the first card feed (short) cyclewhich is half a long cycle. The start key is depressed long enough tocause a second card feed cycle to take place at the end of which thecard is slightly behind the second set of brushes 3!. During the secondcard feed cycle, the card causes card lever contacts LCL to close. Theclosing of these contacts forms a circuit through a coil CLF (Fig. lla).Contacts CLFa close and, with contacts FCa and stop key contacts I 34also closed, a first shunt circuit is completed through coil FC andmagnet FM. The start key may now be released and cards will continue tofeed until the supply is exhausted or until the stop key is depressed. Asecond shunt circuit for coil FC and clutch magnet FM extends throughcam contacts CI which, when they open, after the first shunt circuit isbroken, time'the ultimate denergization oi. the coil and clutch magnet.The card feed will stop either at the 8th point or at the end of a. longcycle, depending upon whether the first shunt circuit opened during thefirst or second hali'of a long cycle.

At the beginning of the third card feed cycle, the first card is aboutto move through the second analyzing means. The third card feed cycleis, therefore, the first card sensing cycle indicated in Fig. 90.. Whencam contacts F3 close at the beginning of the first sensing cycle, apickup circuit, extending also through now-closed card lever contactsLCL, is made through a coil CL (Fig. 11a). Contacts CLa close andtogether with cam contacts F4 provide a stick circuit for coil CL. Thepickup circuit for this coil and its stick circuit will be made in thismanner each effective sensing cycle.

Referring to Fig. 11A, the contact roll 24 o! the second analyzing meansis connected to current line I35 through relay contacts CM and circuitbreaker FI. Power is placed on line I35 and opposite line I36 by closureof a switch I31 connecting the lines to a current supply provided bygenerator G' (Fig. 1). Each sensing brush 38 is wired to a plug socketI33 connectible by a plug wire I39 to a plug socket I40. The plugsockets I40 are wired to the control grids G of vacuum tubes. The heatedcathodes K of these tubes are connected to line I35 and a battery Bbiases the control grids negative with respect to the cathodes. Eachtube also includes a screen grid SG connected through a circuit breakerF2 to line I38. The plates P 01' certain of the tubes are connected todistributors D (also see Fig. 1). The plate P oi one o!

